64sq

Sony

non

julen 2002

non

irak

non

Iraq debate ­- Imperial War Museum - 23 rd September 2004.

Freedom, democracy and liberation. These terms, as enunciated by Bush and Blair essentially mean death, destruction and chaos.
Tony Blair describes the insurgents as terrorists. There is clearly a body of foreign nationals which has entered Iraq since the invasion and which is committing terrorist atrocities.
But the heart of the insurgency is widespread Iraqi resistance to a brutal and savage military occupation. Cutting off somebody's head is a barbaric act. But so is the dropping of cluster bombs on totally innocent people and tearing them apart.
At least 20,000 civilians have been killed in Iraq and many thousands more mutilated for life. We don't see the corpses or the mutilated children on television.

The US invasion of Iraq was not only totally unjustified, illegal and illegitimate, it was a criminal act of immense proportions and one which will have profound consequences throughout the world.

But the invasion was also quite consistent with declared American foreign policy. American foreign policy now aims at ‘FULL SPECTRUM DOMINANCE' – that is the US Administration's term, not mine. Full spectrum dominance means control of air, sea land and space. It also of course means control of the world's resources.

The United States has over 700 military instillations in 132 countries, including this one. It already has a vast military base at Baghdad airport. These bases are not there by accident or for ‘humanitarian reasons'. They are there to keep a stranglehold on the world and they will do it by any means at their disposal.

The disclosures of torture in Iraq should come as no surprise to anybody. The Americans have been exporting torture for years. They have been teaching torture techniques to military representatives of various dictatorships at Fort Benning in Georgia for a very long time. Fort Benning was called the School of Americas but was actually known as the ‘School of torture'. They practice it themselves at home, in the vast gulag of prisons across the United States where over two million people are held in custody, the majority black. Restraint chairs, where convicts are strapped and left naked in their own urine and excrement for days, the use of gas and stun guns, the random brutality, the systematic rape and abuse of young men and women – all of these things and more an affront to human dignity – are common practice. So torture in Iraq, at Bagram in Afghanistan, and at Guantanamo Bay are simply par for the course. That is the nature of the beast.

But the US is not finding things so easy and the less easy they find things the more dangerous they become. But there is a growing resistance worldwide to this arrogant, brutal, complacent, destructive force, a force which holds the concept of International Law and the United Nations in contempt, and whose only vocabulary is bombs and death.

The United States possess more ‘Weapons of Mass Destruction' than the rest of the world put together. It is at this moment developing new nuclear systems which it is prepared to use at the drop of a hat. It is totally indifferent to the death of others and will murder anyone who gets in its way. It is the most feared, most powerful and most detested nation the world has ever known.

The invasion of Iraq was an act of state terrorism. So it is Bush and Blair who are in fact the terrorists. I believe they must be arraigned at the International Criminal Court of Justice and tried as war criminals.

Harold Pinter

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Efterföljande text är ur Nordisk Familjebok 1800-talsupplagan - dvs den som utkom före den s.k. Uggleupplagan

Afghanistan

Landets historia

börjar sent och innehåller ett virrvarr om olika stammars kamp.

Afghanistan lydde en lång tid under Persien,

till dess vid den kraftfulle Nadir sjahs död, 1747, Ahmed sjah afkastade det hatade oket och grundlade Durani-dynastien, som herskade till 1829. Tre bröder af Baraksiernas ätt delade landet. Mot den förnämste, Dost Muhammed, i Kabul, förklarade engelsmännen krig 1838, emedan han angripit fursten i Lahore, och en här inryckte öfver Bolan. Dost Muhammed öfverlemnade sig åt engelsmännen, och landet tycktes hjelplöst hemfallet åt Englands välde.
Men vid vinterns inträde, då förbindelsen med Indien var afskuren, reste sig hela befolkningen under Muhammeds son Akbar. Den engelske befälhafvaren ingick med denne ett fördrag, enligt hvilket han skulle utrymma Afghanistan. Hären uppbröt, 16,000 man stark, från Kabul för att öfver Kejber-passet nå Indus, men föll nästan till sista man ett offer för kölden och de vilde stammar, som från alla sidor angrepo densamma.

En ny engelsk här inträngde i Afghanistan, förstörde städerna Gasna och Kabul och sprängde Akbars skaror, men drog sig derefter, förtröstande på landets hjelplöshet, tillbaka till Indus. Dost Muhammed lössläpptes, återvände till sitt rike och befäste å nyo sitt välde. Han dog 1863, lemnande sitt rike åt sin son Sjir Ali kan. I området Afghanistan bestå för närvarande jämte hvarandra tre oafhängiga riken: Kabul-Kandahar, Kundus-Balsch och Herat.
Städer: Kabul, Gasna, Kandahar, Herat, Furrah m. fl.

O. A. S.

Irak o Afghanistan

Svensk afghan

Thage G Peterson 2013

a) Afghanistan

b) Pinter

c) Nineve

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Age of empires

Various invaders conquered the land after Nebuchadnezzar's death, including Cyrus the Great in 539BC and Alexander the Great in 331BC. In the second century BC, it became part of the Persian Empire, remaining thus until the 7th century AD, when it was captured by Arab Muslims (Abbasids). The capital was moved to Baghdad which became an important commercial and cultural centre in the Middle Ages.
Mongol invaders in AD1258 sacked Baghdad and murdered the Abbasid caliph. After much conflict over supremacy, the country was conquered by the Turks in the 17th century and became part of the Ottoman Empire. Turkish rule continued unchecked, and with very little development, until the end of the 19th century.
Källa: Arab Net

Irak 1936

Iraq '03

Islam

Kissingerplanen

Harold Pinter

Norman Mailer

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ee

Upp